The Politics of Pandemics: Evolving Regime-Opposition Dynamics in the MENA Region by Karim Mezran & Annalisa Perteghella

Author:Karim Mezran & Annalisa Perteghella [Mezran, Karim & Perteghella, Annalisa]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Geopolitics, Political Science
ISBN: 9788855263818
Google: fjAXEAAAQBAJ
Publisher: Ledizioni
Published: 2021-01-26T12:36:48+00:00

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81 This annual event attracts an estimated 15 million Iraqis who walk from their places of residence to Imam Husain’s shrine in Karbala to commemorate his martyrdom in 681 A.D. They are normally joined by hundreds of thousands from other countries who travel to Iraq for the occasion, known as the Arba’een (the passing of forty days after the actual martyrdom anniversary). This annual event attracts an estimated 15 million Iraqis who walk from their places of residence to Imam Husain’s shrine in Karbala to commemorate his martyrdom in 681 A.D. They are normally joined by hundreds of thousands from other countries who travel to Iraq for the occasion, known as the Arba’een (the passing of forty days after the actual martyrdom anniversary).

82 A.J. Rubin and F. Hassan, “Iraqi Prime Minister Resigns in Deepening Political Crisis”, The New York Times, 30 November 2019.

83 E. McLaughlin and L. Martinez, “US civilian contractor killed, several troops injured in rocket attack on Iraqi military base”, ABC News, 27 December 2019.

84 US Attacks Iran-backed Militia Bases in Iraq and Syria”, BBC News, 30 December 2019.

85 F. Hassan, B. Hubbard, and A.J. Rubin, “Protesters Attack US Embassy in Iraq, Chanting ‘Death to America’”, The New York Times, 31 December 2019.

86 The PMF, also known as the Popular Mobilization Units (PMU) or Popular Mobilization Committee (PMC), is an umbrella group composed of militias of varying sizes and political affiliations that are officially part of the Iraqi Security Forces.

87 Iraqi Parliament Calls for Troop Withdrawal What Next for the United States?, Atlantic Council, 5 January 2020.

88 Iraq Crude Oil Production, Trading Economics.

89 “Numbers cited refer to average monthly Brent crude oil price”, Statista, 20 July 2020.

90 Ibid.

91 Iraq Crude Oil Production…, cit.

92 For a copy of the full program, see “NAS publishes the full text of the ministerial program of the government of Mustafa Al-Kadhimi”, Baghdad, NAS.

93 https://www.facebook.com/hassan.nadhem.5/posts/10221738341957259

94 https://www.facebook.com/hassan.nadhem.5/posts/10222803088975269

95 The first coronavirus case appeared in Iraq in February 2020. See: “Iraq takes new decisions to confront COVID-19 as infections reach 315,597”, Xinhuanet, 19 September 2020.

96 A.H. Cordesman, Iraq is the Prize: A Warning About Iraq’s Future Stability, Iran, and the Role of the United States, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 20 March 2020.

97 “Iraq doctors say vendettas threaten their lives as they save others”, France24, 28 February 2019.

98 “Country at a Glance - Iraq”, Education Statistics, World Bank.

99 International Crisis Group, “Post-ISIS Iraq: A Gathering Storm”, 26 October 2003.

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